ILEETA Journal Digital Archive

2008

The ILEETA Use of Force Journal

The supplied archive preserves one 2008 issue: Volume 8, Number 2 (April-June). This landing page presents five representative pieces from that issue. The absence of other 2008 files in the supplied ZIP should not be read as proof that no other issues were published.

Historical-use notice: These journals are preserved as period documents. Their terminology, legal analysis, technology, products, medical assumptions, and training recommendations may no longer reflect current evidence, law, policy, or ILEETA positions. Article summaries below are editorial abstracts, not quotations.

Volume 8, Number 2
April-June 2008
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Volume 8, Number 2

April-June 2008

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Edited by Brian A. Kinnaird, Ph.D., with Steve Ashley as associate editor and Ed Nowicki as executive director. The issue frames use-of-force education as a broad field connecting tactics, psychology, law, decision-making, officer survival, and corrections intelligence.

Back to the Future

Harvey Hedden

Historical abstract: Hedden evaluates the renewed law-enforcement interest in the Model 1911 pistol, particularly among tactical teams. He weighs perceived advantages - the .45 ACP cartridge, trigger characteristics, accuracy, durability, and accessory rails - against capacity, weight, cost, maintenance, and training demands. The essay’s central question is organizational rather than nostalgic: what capability would adoption add, and would scarce funds be better directed toward other equipment or training? It offers a useful period view of agency firearms selection and the tension between operator confidence, standardization, and limited budgets.

Topics: Firearms policy; tactical teams; equipment selection; training costs

APA-style citation: Harvey Hedden. (2008). Back to the Future. The ILEETA Use of Force Journal, 8(2), 2-3.

Thrust, Hook, Lunge, Pump - The 4 Prong Delivery System

Hock Hochheim

Historical abstract: Hochheim proposes a four-part framework for organizing hand, stick, and knife attacks: straight-line thrusts, angled hooks, committed lunges, and retracting pumps. He argues that defensive-tactics curricula can become cluttered by system-specific techniques and that instructors should instead identify recurring attack mechanics. Examples from striking, kicking, edged weapons, impact weapons, and firearms illustrate the model. The article also criticizes training that rehearses mirror-image contests or unlikely conditions, urging instructors to design practice around common criminal assaults and mixed-weapon realities rather than the assumptions of a single martial system.

Topics: Defensive tactics; curriculum design; attack mechanics; scenario relevance

APA-style citation: Hock Hochheim. (2008). Thrust, Hook, Lunge, Pump - The 4 Prong Delivery System. The ILEETA Use of Force Journal, 8(2), 4-5.

The Ultimate Use of Force: The Psychology of Killing

Laurence Miller

Historical abstract: Miller compares the psychological demands placed on police officers and military personnel who may be required to take a life. He discusses perceptual narrowing, memory effects, emotional reactions, post-shooting adjustment, combat stress, and routes back to effective duty. The article emphasizes that responses vary and that preparation, peer support, leadership, and competent clinical intervention can shape recovery. Written for trainers, it treats lethal-force encounters as both operational and human events, suggesting that law enforcement and military communities can learn from one another while recognizing differences between policing and warfare.

Topics: Force psychology; officer-involved shootings; combat stress; post-incident support

APA-style citation: Laurence Miller. (2008). The Ultimate Use of Force: The Psychology of Killing. The ILEETA Use of Force Journal, 8(2), 7-11.

The Role of Emotion and Imagination in Training Warriors

Brian Willis

Historical abstract: Willis asks why officers exposed to similar training perform differently under violent stress. He argues that technical repetition alone is insufficient and that training should engage emotion and imagination so learners mentally and physically rehearse persistence, adaptation, and survival. Drawing on officer examples and the W.I.N. principle - “What’s Important Now” - he encourages instructors to cultivate a constructive internal narrative rather than allowing students to stop at mistakes or simulated injury. The essay captures an influential period emphasis on mindset while also placing responsibility on trainers to build realistic, purposeful learning environments.

Topics: Instructor development; mindset; visualization; reality-based training

APA-style citation: Brian Willis. (2008). The Role of Emotion and Imagination in Training Warriors. The ILEETA Use of Force Journal, 8(2), 15-18.

Survival of the Fittest: Staying Ahead of the Prison Gangs

Berry Evert

Historical abstract: Evert warns corrections personnel that prison gangs study officer routines, defensive tactics, communications, vulnerabilities, and institutional procedures with considerable discipline. Structured as a knowledge challenge, the article asks readers to examine habitual handcuffing, searches, security checks, key control, reporting, and inmate associations. It presents intelligence gathering as everyday correctional work rather than a specialized activity performed only by investigators. The practical message is that familiarity with one’s unit and inmates can expose patterns that formal surveillance may miss, and that dismissing gang organization creates avoidable risk.

Topics: Corrections; prison gangs; operational security; intelligence gathering

APA-style citation: Berry Evert. (2008). Survival of the Fittest: Staying Ahead of the Prison Gangs. The ILEETA Use of Force Journal, 8(2), 25-28.